Java教程

Java 实现归并排序算法的程序

实现归并排序算法的Java程序

在这个例子中,我们将在 Java 中实现归并排序算法。
要理解此示例,您应该了解以下Java 编程主题:
Java 方法 Java while 和 do...while 循环 Java 数组

Java 中的归并排序

归并排序算法基于分治算法的原理,其中一个问题被划分为多个子问题。每个子问题单独解决,最后将子问题组合起来形成最终解决方案。
要了解更多信息,请访问合并排序算法。

示例: 实现归并排序算法的 Java 程序

import java.util.Arrays;
// Merge sort in Java
class Main {
  // Merge two sub arrays L and M into array
  void merge(int array[], int p, int q, int r) {
    int n1 = q-p + 1;
    int n2 = r-q;
    int L[] = new int[n1];
    int M[] = new int[n2];
    // fill the left and right array
    for (int i = 0; i < n1; i++)
      L[i] = array[p + i];
    for (int j = 0; j < n2; j++)
      M[j] = array[q + 1 + j];
    // Maintain current index of sub-arrays and main array
    int i, j, k;
    i = 0;
    j = 0;
    k = p;
    // Until we reach either end of either L or M, pick larger among
    // elements L and M and place them in the correct position at A[p..r]
    // for sorting in descending
    // use if(L[i] >= <[j])
    while (i < n1 && j < n2) {
      if (L[i] <= M[j]) {
        array[k] = L[i];
        i++;
      } else {
        array[k] = M[j];
        j++;
      }
      k++;
    }
    // When we run out of elements in either L or M,
    // pick up the remaining elements and put in A[p..r]
    while (i < n1) {
      array[k] = L[i];
      i++;
      k++;
    }
    while (j < n2) {
      array[k] = M[j];
      j++;
      k++;
    }
  }
  // Divide the array into two sub arrays, sort them and merge them
  void mergeSort(int array[], int left, int right) {
    if (left < right) {
      // m is the point where the array is divided into two sub arrays
      int mid = (left + right) / 2;
      // recursive call to each sub arrays
      mergeSort(array, left, mid);
      mergeSort(array, mid + 1, right);
      // Merge the sorted sub arrays
      merge(array, left, mid, right);
    }
  }
  public static void main(String args[]) {
    // created an unsorted array
    int[] array = { 6, 5, 12, 10, 9, 1 };
    Main ob = new Main();
    // call the method mergeSort()
    // pass argument: array, first index and last index
    ob.mergeSort(array, 0, array.length-1);
    System.out.println("Sorted Array:");
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array));
  }
}
输出 1
Unsorted Array:
[6, 5, 12, 10, 9, 1]
Sorted Array:
[1, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12]
这里,数组的元素是按升序排列的。如果我们想按降序对元素进行排序,那么在 merge() 方法的第一个 while 循环中,我们可以将代码更改为:
// the less than sign is changed to greater than
if (L[i] >= M[j]) {
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