GWT教程

GWT JUnit 集成

GWT 为使用 JUnit 测试框架的客户端代码自动测试提供了出色的支持。在本文中,我们将演示 GWT 和 JUNIT 的集成。

下载 Junit 档案

JUnit 官方网站-https://www.junit.org
下载 Junit-4.10.jar
操作系统 档案名称
Windows junit4.10.jar
Linux junit4.10.jar
Mac junit4.10.jar
将下载的 jar 文件存储到您计算机上的某个位置。我们将它存储在 C:/> JUNIT

找到 GWT 安装文件夹

操作系统 GWT 安装文件夹
Windows C:\GWT\gwt-2.1.0
Linux /usr/local/GWT/gwt-2.1.0
Mac /Library/GWT/gwt-2.1.0

GWTTestCase 类

GWT 提供了提供 JUnit 集成的 GWTTestCase 基类。在 JUnit 下运行扩展 GWTTestCase 的编译类会启动 HtmlUnit 浏览器,该浏览器用于在测试执行期间模拟您的应用程序行为。
GWTTestCase 是 JUnit 的 TestCase 的派生类,可以使用 JUnit TestRunner 运行。

使用 webAppCreator

GWT 提供了一个特殊的命令行工具 webAppCreator,它可以为我们生成一个入门测试用例,以及用于在开发模式和生产模式下进行测试的 ant 目标和 eclipse 启动配置。
打开命令提示符并转到 C:\ > GWT_WORKSPACE >,您要在其中创建具有测试支持的新项目。运行以下命令
C:\GWT_WORKSPACE>C:\GWT\gwt-2.1.0\webAppCreator 
  -out HelloWorld 
  -junit C:\JUNIT\junit-4.10.jar 
   com.tutorialspoint.HelloWorld
注意事项
我们正在执行 webAppCreator 命令行实用程序。 HelloWorld 是要创建的项目名称 -junit 选项指示 webAppCreator 向项目添加 junit 支持 com.tutorialspoint.HelloWorld 是模块的名称
验证输出。
Created directory HelloWorld\src
Created directory HelloWorld\war
Created directory HelloWorld\war\WEB-INF
Created directory HelloWorld\war\WEB-INF\lib
Created directory HelloWorld\src\com\tutorialspoint
Created directory HelloWorld\src\com\tutorialspoint\client
Created directory HelloWorld\src\com\tutorialspoint\server
Created directory HelloWorld\src\com\tutorialspoint\shared
Created directory HelloWorld\test\com\tutorialspoint
Created directory HelloWorld\test\com\tutorialspoint\client
Created file HelloWorld\src\com\tutorialspoint\HelloWorld.gwt.xml
Created file HelloWorld\war\HelloWorld.html
Created file HelloWorld\war\HelloWorld.css
Created file HelloWorld\war\WEB-INF\web.xml
Created file HelloWorld\src\com\tutorialspoint\client\HelloWorld.java
Created file 
HelloWorld\src\com\tutorialspoint\client\GreetingService.java
Created file 
HelloWorld\src\com\tutorialspoint\client\GreetingServiceAsync.java
Created file 
HelloWorld\src\com\tutorialspoint\server\GreetingServiceImpl.java
Created file HelloWorld\src\com\tutorialspoint\shared\FieldVerifier.java
Created file HelloWorld\build.xml
Created file HelloWorld\README.txt
Created file HelloWorld\test\com\tutorialspoint\HelloWorldJUnit.gwt.xml
Created file HelloWorld\test\com\tutorialspoint\client\HelloWorldTest.java
Created file HelloWorld\.project
Created file HelloWorld\.classpath
Created file HelloWorld\HelloWorld.launch
Created file HelloWorld\HelloWorldTest-dev.launch
Created file HelloWorld\HelloWorldTest-prod.launch

了解测试类:HelloWorldTest.java

package com.tutorialspoint.client;
import com.tutorialspoint.shared.FieldVerifier;
import com.google.gwt.core.client.GWT;
import com.google.gwt.junit.client.GWTTestCase;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.rpc.AsyncCallback;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.rpc.ServiceDefTarget;
/**
 * GWT JUnit tests must extend GWTTestCase.
 */
public class HelloWorldTest extends GWTTestcase {
   /**
    * must refer to a valid module that sources this class.
    */
   public String getModuleName() {
      return "com.tutorialspoint.HelloWorldJUnit";
   }
   /**
    * tests the FieldVerifier.
    */
   public void testFieldVerifier() {
      assertFalse(FieldVerifier.isValidName(null));
      assertFalse(FieldVerifier.isValidName(""));
      assertFalse(FieldVerifier.isValidName("a"));
      assertFalse(FieldVerifier.isValidName("ab"));
      assertFalse(FieldVerifier.isValidName("abc"));
      assertTrue(FieldVerifier.isValidName("abcd"));
   }
   /**
    * this test will send a request to the server using the greetServer
    *  method in GreetingService and verify the response.
    */
   public void testGreetingService() {
      /* create the service that we will test. */
      GreetingServiceAsync greetingService = 
      GWT.create(GreetingService.class);
      ServiceDefTarget target = (ServiceDefTarget) greetingService;
      target.setServiceEntryPoint(GWT.getModuleBaseURL() 
      + "helloworld/greet");
      /* since RPC calls are asynchronous, we will need to wait 
       for a response after this test method returns. this line 
       tells the test runner to wait up to 10 seconds 
       before timing out. */
      delayTestFinish(10000);
      /* send a request to the server. */
      greetingService.greetServer("GWT User", 
         new AsyncCallback<String>() {
         public void onFailure(Throwable caught) {
            /* The request resulted in an unexpected error. */
            fail("Request failure: " + caught.getMessage());
         }
         public void onSuccess(String result) {
            /* verify that the response is correct. */
            assertTrue(result.startsWith("Hello, GWT User!"));
            /* now that we have received a response, we need to 
             tell the test runner that the test is complete. 
             You must call finishTest() after an asynchronous test 
             finishes successfully, or the test will time out.*/
            finishTest();
         }
      });
   }
}

值得注意的点

注意
HelloWorldTest 类是在 HelloWorld/test 目录下的 com.tutorialspoint.client 包中生成的。
HelloWorldTest 类将包含 HelloWorld 的单元测试用例。
HelloWorldTest 类扩展了 com.google.gwt.junit.client 包中的 GWTTestCase 类。
HelloWorldTest 类有一个抽象方法 (getModuleName),它必须返回 GWT 模块的名称。对于 HelloWorld,这是 com.tutorialspoint.HelloWorldJUnit。
HelloWorldTest 类由两个示例测试用例 testFieldVerifier testSimple 生成。我们添加了 testGreetingService。
这些方法使用从 JUnit Assert 类继承的众多 assert* 函数之一,该类是 GWTTestCase 的祖先。
assertTrue(boolean) 函数断言传入的布尔参数的计算结果为真。否则,在 JUnit 中运行时测试将失败。

GWT-JUnit 集成完整示例

此示例将带您通过简单的步骤来展示 GWT 中的 JUnit 集成示例。
按照以下步骤更新我们上面创建的 GWT 应用程序-
步骤 描述
使用导入现有项目向导(文件→导入→常规→现有项目到工作区)在eclipse中导入名为HelloWorld的项目。
HelloWorld.gwt.xmlHelloWorld.cssHelloWorld.htmlHelloWorld.java修改为下面解释。保持其余文件不变。
编译并运行应用程序以验证实现逻辑的结果。
以下是eclipse中的项目结构。
项目结构
以下是修改后的模块描述符 src/com.tutorialspoint/HelloWorld.gwt.xml的内容。
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<module rename-to = 'helloworld'>
   <!--Inherit the core Web Toolkit stuff.                       -->
   <inherits name = 'com.google.gwt.user.User'/>
   <!--Inherit the default GWT style sheet.                      -->
   <inherits name = 'com.google.gwt.user.theme.clean.Clean'/>
   <!--Inherit the UiBinder module.                              -->
   <inherits name = "com.google.gwt.uibinder.UiBinder"/>
   <!--Specify the app entry point class.                        -->
   <entry-point class = 'com.tutorialspoint.client.HelloWorld'/>
  
   <!--Specify the paths for translatable code                   -->
   <source path = 'client'/>
   <source path = 'shared'/>
</module>
以下是修改后的样式表文件 war/HelloWorld.css的内容。
body {
   text-align: center;
   font-family: verdana, sans-serif;
}
h1 {
   font-size: 2em;
   font-weight: bold;
   color: #777777;
   margin: 40px 0px 70px;
   text-align: center;
}
以下是修改后的HTML主机文件 war/HelloWorld.html的内容。
<html>
   <head>
      <title>Hello World</title>
      <link rel = "stylesheet" href = "HelloWorld.css"/>
      <script language = "javascript" src = "helloworld/helloworld.nocache.js">
      </script>
   </head>
   <body>
      <h1>JUnit Integration Demonstration</h1>
      <div id = "gwtContainer"></div>
   </body>
</html>
src/com.tutorialspoint/client 包中的 HelloWorld.java 内容替换为以下内容
package com.tutorialspoint.client;
import com.google.gwt.core.client.EntryPoint;
import com.google.gwt.core.client.GWT;
import com.google.gwt.event.dom.client.ClickEvent;
import com.google.gwt.event.dom.client.ClickHandler;
import com.google.gwt.event.dom.client.KeyCodes;
import com.google.gwt.event.dom.client.KeyUpEvent;
import com.google.gwt.event.dom.client.KeyUpHandler;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.Window;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.rpc.AsyncCallback;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.ui.Button;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.ui.DecoratorPanel;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.ui.HasHorizontalAlignment;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.ui.HorizontalPanel;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.ui.Label;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.ui.RootPanel;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.ui.TextBox;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.ui.VerticalPanel;
public class HelloWorld implements EntryPoint {
	
   public void onModuleLoad() {
      /*create UI */
      final TextBox txtName = new TextBox(); 
      txtName.setWidth("200");
      txtName.addKeyUpHandler(new KeyUpHandler() {
         @Override
         public void onKeyUp(KeyUpEvent event) {
            if(event.getNativeKeyCode() == KeyCodes.KEY_ENTER){
               Window.alert(getGreeting(txtName.getValue()));
            }				
         }
      });
      Label lblName = new Label("Enter your name: ");
      Button buttonMessage = new Button("Click Me!");
      buttonMessage.addClickHandler(new ClickHandler() {			
         @Override
         public void onClick(ClickEvent event) {
            Window.alert(getGreeting(txtName.getValue()));
         }
      });
      HorizontalPanel hPanel = new HorizontalPanel();	
      hPanel.add(lblName);
      hPanel.add(txtName);
      hPanel.setCellWidth(lblName, "130");
      VerticalPanel vPanel = new VerticalPanel();
      vPanel.setSpacing(10);
      vPanel.add(hPanel);
      vPanel.add(buttonMessage);
      vPanel.setCellHorizontalAlignment(buttonMessage, 
      HasHorizontalAlignment.ALIGN_RIGHT);
      DecoratorPanel panel = new DecoratorPanel();
      panel.add(vPanel);
      // Add widgets to the root panel.
      RootPanel.get("gwtContainer").add(panel);
   }  
   
   public String getGreeting(String name){
      return "Hello "+name+"!";
   }
} 
test/com.tutorialspoint/client包中HelloWorldTest.java的内容替换为以下内容
package com.tutorialspoint.client;
import com.tutorialspoint.shared.FieldVerifier;
import com.google.gwt.core.client.GWT;
import com.google.gwt.junit.client.GWTTestCase;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.rpc.AsyncCallback;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.rpc.ServiceDefTarget;
/**
 * GWT JUnit tests must extend GWTTestCase.
 */
public class HelloWorldTest extends GWTTestcase {
   /**
    * must refer to a valid module that sources this class.
    */
   public String getModuleName() {
      return "com.tutorialspoint.HelloWorldJUnit";
   }
   /**
    * tests the FieldVerifier.
    */
   public void testFieldVerifier() {
      assertFalse(FieldVerifier.isValidName(null));
      assertFalse(FieldVerifier.isValidName(""));
      assertFalse(FieldVerifier.isValidName("a"));
      assertFalse(FieldVerifier.isValidName("ab"));
      assertFalse(FieldVerifier.isValidName("abc"));
      assertTrue(FieldVerifier.isValidName("abcd"));
   }
   /**
      * this test will send a request to the server using the greetServer
      *  method in GreetingService and verify the response.
   */
   public void testGreetingService() {
      /* create the service that we will test. */
      GreetingServiceAsync greetingService = 
      GWT.create(GreetingService.class);
      ServiceDefTarget target = (ServiceDefTarget) greetingService;
      target.setServiceEntryPoint(GWT.getModuleBaseURL() 
      + "helloworld/greet");
      /* since RPC calls are asynchronous, we will need to wait 
       for a response after this test method returns. this line 
       tells the test runner to wait up to 10 seconds 
       before timing out. */
      delayTestFinish(10000);
      /* send a request to the server. */
      greetingService.greetServer("GWT User", 
         new AsyncCallback<String>() {
         public void onFailure(Throwable caught) {
            /* The request resulted in an unexpected error. */
            fail("Request failure: " + caught.getMessage());
         }
         public void onSuccess(String result) {
            /* verify that the response is correct. */
            assertTrue(result.startsWith("Hello, GWT User!"));
            /* now that we have received a response, we need to 
             tell the test runner that the test is complete. 
             You must call finishTest() after an asynchronous test 
             finishes successfully, or the test will time out.*/
            finishTest();
         }
      });
	
      /**
         * tests the getGreeting method.
      */
      public void testGetGreeting() {
         HelloWorld helloWorld = new HelloWorld();
         String name = "Robert";
         String expectedGreeting = "Hello "+name+"!";
         assertEquals(expectedGreeting,helloWorld.getGreeting(name));
      }
   }
}

使用生成的启动配置在 Eclipse 中运行测试用例

我们将使用 webAppCreator 为开发模式和生产模式生成的启动配置在 Eclipse 中运行单元测试。

在开发模式下运行 JUnit 测试

从 Eclipse 菜单栏中,选择运行 → 运行配置... 在 JUnit 部分下,选择 HelloWorldTest-dev 要保存对参数的更改,请按应用 要运行测试,请按运行
如果您的应用程序一切正常,这将产生以下结果-
GWT Junit 结果

在生产模式下运行 JUnit 测试

从 Eclipse 菜单栏中,选择运行 → 运行配置... 在 JUnit 部分下,选择 HelloWorldTest-prod 要保存对参数的更改,请按应用 要运行测试,请按运行
如果您的应用程序一切正常,这将产生以下结果-
GWT Junit 结果
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